FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54067420211001Graphical Abstracts227229246498ENJournal Article20211002FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54067420211001Oxygenation and Membrane Oxygenators: Emergence, Evolution and Progress in Material Development and Process Enhancement for Biomedical Applications23025924315510.22079/jmsr.2021.521505.1431ENAmir Hossein MostafaviTarbiat Modares UniversityAjay Kumar MishraNanotechnology and Water sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa0000-0002-3743-8669Mathias UlbrichtLehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, GermanyJoeri DenayerDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit BrusselSeyed Saeid HosseiniDept. of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University0000-0002-6219-3771Journal Article20201220Ever-increasing demands for high performance blood oxygenators have led to continuous advancements in this field. Despite the progresses made since their emergence, there still exist challenges that intimidate the reliability of membrane oxygenators. A promising approach for addressing these challenges and enhancing the overall process performance relates to the selection, development, and modification of materials with desirable characteristics. The main impetus for the present review is to bring forward important and yet less explored subjects by shedding light on the technological, design, and engineering aspects of oxygenators and the oxygenation process. Special attention is paid to membrane oxygenators and their essential characteristics such as gas transport, plasma leakage, and biocompatibility. Also, various practical configurations of membrane oxygenators are illustrated with their merits and limitations. From the materials perspective, a comprehensive range of polymeric materials with track records for applications as membrane oxygenators are surveyed and analyzed considering their physicochemical and biocompatibility properties in order to gain insights into the features of an optimal material. In addition to elaborations on the methods for fabrication of membrane oxygenators, various effective techniques that could be used for altering the microstructure and surface properties of the membranes are presented. Also, an in-depth overview is provided about the transport phenomena in membrane oxygenators aiming to provide a better understanding of the molecular and process aspects of the process. An overview of the state of the art is summarized along with points about the trends of future developments are provided at the end. FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54067420211001Ion Exchange Membranes for Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) Applications - Recent Developments26026724615710.22079/jmsr.2021.534937.1482ENMine EtiEge UniversityNur Hidayati OthmanUniversiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)0000-0002-8396-2947Enver GülerATILIM UNIVERSITY0000-0001-9175-0920Nalan KabayEge University0000-0001-8516-6752Journal Article20210729The innovative membrane-based technology called reverse electrodialysis (RED) is capable of producing electrical power from the controlled mixing of two aqueous streams of different salinity. There has been tremendous progress so far in the development of RED process in terms of system development, spacer design, membranes properties and operational conditions optimization. Among those, characteristics of the ion exchange membranes are found to be the critical element affecting the performances of RED process. In this respect, a brief overview of the latest developments in ion exchange membranes were presented in this review, focussing on their properties and performances in RED applications. The recent developments of nanocomposite and ion selective membranes, particularly pore filling ion exchange membranes due to their high performances and inexpensive fabrication cost were also summarized. Shortly, fouling problem for the ion exchange membranes employed in the RED system was mentioned. FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54067420211001Semi-pilot Tests of Ethanol Dehydration using Commercial Ceramic Pervaporation Membranes26827224187010.22079/jmsr.2021.130702.1401ENDimitris EKoutsonikolasChemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology HellasSotiris KaldisChemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, GreeceAggelos LappasChemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, GreeceJournal Article20200710Most research efforts about pervaporation in the literature have focused on membrane synthesis, trying to improve the membrane properties (flux and selectivity). However, industrial applications of the pervaporation technology could become attractive if the current available membranes proved to have sufficient and stable performance in order to be integrated in the toolbox of process engineers, as a complementary separation process. In this study, the ethanol dehydration performance of commercial hybrid silica membranes (HybSi®) was assessed in a semi-pilot pervaporation unit from a process-based perspective. The aim of the study is to reveal the high potential of the process and to create a benchmark for future studies in the field. The experimental results revealed that the proposed pervaporation process can efficiently break the ethanol/water azeotrope, allowing the production of high purity ethanol. The overall assessment of the obtained pilot results showed that the proposed process is quite efficient for attracting the industrial interest. FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54067420211001Factors Affecting Hydroxide Ion Concentrations in Bipolar Membranes27327924188510.22079/jmsr.2021.521613.1433ENYingying ChenDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAJames C.BaygentsDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADon GervasioDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAJames FarrellUniversity of Arizona0000-0002-4342-7587Journal Article20201222The useful lifetime of bipolar ion exchange membranes is often limited by nucleophilic attack by hydroxide ions on the ionic groups and polymer backbone in the anion exchange layers (AELs). This is especially problematic in water treatment applications for making acid and base from salt solutions. This research investigated the effect of bulk electrolyte composition, current density, membrane thickness, ion exchange capacity, and bulk solution pH value on hydroxide ion concentrations inside the AELs of a bipolar membrane. Onedimensional Nernst-Plank equations were solved for the species Na+, Cl-, OH- and H+ within 20-100 μm thick anion and cation exchange layers with fixed charged densities ranging from 0.5-2.0 eq/L. In 1 M NaCl solutions at neutral pH values, hydroxide concentrations in the AEL reached as high as 2.2 M at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. In 1 M NaOH solutions, hydroxide ion concentrations reached as high as 3.77 M. Hydroxide concentrations in the AEL were significantly affected by the ratio of Cl- to hydroxide ions in the bulk electrolyte. Where hydroxide concentrations in the bulk electrolyte were an order of magnitude lower than chloride concentrations, membrane hydroxide concentrations were nearly proportional to the current density. Increases in ion exchange capacity and AEL thickness resulted in increased membrane hydroxide ion concentrations. Membrane concentrations of hydroxide ions can be minimized by operation at low current densities, with high background electrolyte concentrations using thin membranes with low ion exchange capacities and producing base concentrations less than 0.1 M. FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54067420211001Acetaminophen Extraction Study using Vegetable Oil-Based Emulsion Liquid Membrane: The Juxtaposition of Carrier and Internal Phase28228724212310.22079/jmsr.2021.120282.1338ENNur Dina ZaulkifleeSchool of Chemical Engineering,
Universiti Sains Malaysia,0000-0002-8642-7587Abdul Latif Ahmaduniversiti sains malaysia0000-0003-1612-3032Murshid YaacobSchool of Chemical Engineering,
Universiti Sains Malaysia,Journal Article20200130Extraction of Acetaminophen (ACTP) using vegetable oil-based emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was investigated. ELM consists of membrane and internal phases that form the primary water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion by using an ultrasonic probe while the external phase consists of an ACTP aqueous solution. In promoting a greener development, vegetable oil was incorporated in the formulation of ELM, replacing the hazardous conventional petroleum derivatives diluent. The potential of vegetable oil-based solvent was confirmed via a compatibility study with the carrier and surfactant whereby sunflower oil showed an auspicious potential to be employed as a diluent in ELM formulation. The effect of emulsion formulation parameters of the vegetable oil-based ELM was investigated to obtain its best formulation, by taking into consideration the ACTP extraction efficiency. The extraction study carried out using Trioctylamine (TOA) and Aliquat 336 as carrier and ammonia & sodium chloride (NaCl) as internals phase were compared. The parameters involved are emulsification time, extraction time, and the stirring speed was investigated. These works demonstrated that the ELM system was competent to successfully expel 97.73% of ACTP from aqueous solutions under optimum conditions. FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54067420211001The Effect of Temperature and Transmembrane Pressure on the Camel Milk Ultrafiltration Performance: An Optimization Study28829424323010.22079/jmsr.2021.521519.1432ENMorteza KashaninejadDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), POBox: 91775-1163, Mashhad, IranS. M. A. RazaviDivision of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Iran0000-0003-2450-6623Mehdi VaridiDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, POBox: 91775-1163, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20201220In this study, the effects of transmembrane pressure (TMP, 80-160 kPa) and temperature (T, 20-40 oC) were investigated on the ultrafiltration (UF) performance of camel milk, including pseudo-steady state permeate flux (JPSS), intrinsic membrane resistance (Rm), reversible fouling resistance (Rrf), irreversible fouling resistance (Rif), solutes rejection (protein (RP), lactose (RL), ash (RA) and total solids (RTS)) and minerals rejection (aluminum (RAl), iron (RFe), zinc (RZn), manganese (RMn), calcium (RCa), phosphorus (RPh), sodium (RNa), magnesium (RMg), and potassium (RK)). According to the obtained results, increasing TMP led to a significant increase in JPSS, Rrf, and RA while increasing T caused a significant increase in JPSS, Rrf, RL, RA, and the rejection of all minerals. Although the total fouling resistance (Rf) increased by increasing TMP and T, the share of Rrf was higher in high TMP and T compared to Rif. The results also showed that none of the linear, quadratic, and interaction effects of TMP and T on the Rm, RTS, and RP of the samples were significant. In general, camel milk solute rejections, i.e., RTS, RP, RL, RA, RAl, RFe, RZn, RMn, RCa, RPh, RNa, RMg, and RK were, on average, 51.03, 97.51, 4.73, 34.07, 99.05, 95.70, 90.64, 99.99, 46.09, 32.74, 20.44, 19.44, and 7.78%, respectively. Finally, the optimum UF performance conditions in this research with the lowest Rrf, Rif, RL, and RA while the highest JPSS and RP were 135 kPa TMP and 35 ºC T. FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54067420211001Morphology and Topography Studies of Composite Membranes Developed from Chitosan/Phthaloyl Chitosan Consisting Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Montmorillonite as Filler2953044672910.22079/jmsr.2020.123415.1357ENArif PriyanggaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Analytical Data, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberZuhriah MumtazahDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Analytical Data, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberHazlina JunohAdvanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Univerisiti Teknologi MalaysiaJuhana JaafarAdvanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia0000-0002-7245-8155Lukman AtmajaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Analytic Data, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember0000-0001-8384-9322Journal Article20200322This work discusses the synthesis and characterizations of the newly developed composite membranes based on chitosan/phthaloyl chitosan (Cs/PhCs) as a matrix with various compositions of multi-walled carbon nanotube/montmorillonite (MWCNT/MMT) filler. The Cs/PhCs/MWCNT/MMT composite membranes are synthesized via the solvent evaporation method and were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and DMFC single cell test. The FTIR characterization result showed that all membranes have origin peaks at 3433, 2943, and 1525 cm-1 contributed to vibrations of O-H, C-H, and N-H group, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite membranes with 7.5 and 8 wt.% filler have characteristic peaks of vibration Si-O-Si, Si-OH, and Si-O at 1209, 886, and 591 cm-1 respectively. Cross-sectional micrographs of SEM and AFM revealed that the composite membrane with 7.5 wt.% filler had moderate surface roughness than the other as-fabricated membranes. As a result, this nanocomposite membrane can be an alternative polyelectrolyte membrane for DMFC applications. The resulting Cs/PhCs/MWCNT/MMT-1 composite membrane has the selectivity up to 5.13×105 S.s.cm-3 with the DMFC performance at 23.60 mW cm-2. FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54067420211001Corrigendum: Separation Performance of Improved PERVAPTM Membrane and Its Dependence on Operating Conditions305305246722ENWilfredo YaveDeltaMem AGJournal Article20211015