FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101Evaluation of a Quaternized Polyethersulfone Membrane Enhanced with Amine Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Forward Osmosis Application4784210.22079/jmsr.2020.137656.1413ENPhumlani FMsomiUniversity of Johannesburg, Chemical Sciences, Johannesburg, 2028. South Africa.Vhahangwele MudzungaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaRichard Moutloali,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaJournal Article20201005Multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were quaternized (QCNTs) with trimethylamine to form an anionic conductive CNTS then blended with quaternized polyethersulfone membrane (QPES) by phase invasion method to obtain a composite membrane with higher permeation, improved rejection and enhanced antifouling properties for forward osmosis application. The membranes and QCNTs were characterized using SEM, TGA, NMR, Raman and FTIR. The fabricated composite membranes showed that addition of QCNTs can improve membrane basic properties when compared to commercial polyethersulfone membranes. This observed improvement could be attributed to the incorporated oxygen and amine functionalities in the CNTs. The 0.1 wt % QCNTs showed a contact angle of 64º, reverse solute flux of 7.4 and 6.2 Lm-2h-1 for NaCl and MgSO4 respectively compared to an original pure water flux of 8.058 Lm-2h-1. Humic acid was used as a foulant, when the composited was fouled using humic acid, the 0.1wt.% QCNTs showed a reverse solute flux of 5.7 and 5.0 Lm-2h-1 respectively at room temperature.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_47842_df005da8e7cdfe710c84d7a353fd129b.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101Laccase-Coated Polyethersulfone Membranes for Organic Matter Degradation and Removal24212410.22079/jmsr.2021.139576.1418ENMachawe MotsaInstitute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, South Africa0000-0001-7315-695Phumlile PMambaInstitute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South AfricaHenry JOgolaInstitute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South AfricaTitus AMMsagatiInstitute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South AfricaBhekie BMambaInstitute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South AfricaThabo TINkambuleInstitute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South AfricaJournal Article20201109Natural organic matter (NOM) removal from water is getting progressively significant for water treatment plants not only to improve drinking water aesthetics such as taste and smell, but also to avoid disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed during disinfection by chlorine. This study applies the catalytic properties of the wood degrading laccase enzyme produced by white rot fungi (WRF) on breaking down and removing organic matter in drinking water. White rot fungi isolates were collected and examined for their ability to degrade humic acid (HA), a NOM model compound. Highly permeable polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was prepared following the phase inversion process and used as material to support the immobilization of the lignin-degrading enzymes extracted from Perenniporia sp. and Polyporaceae sp. for NOM degradation and removal. A 52 % humic acid removal was recorded for the Polyporaceae sp. The addition of laccase substrate 4-hydroxybenzoic acid showed a great impact on the hydrophilicity of the membranes as a decrease in contact angle measurements of <60 was achieved. Moreover, modified membrane’s immobilization yield and enzyme activity also improved. The modified membrane achieved a rejection of greater than 90 % for the model compound. Enzyme activity was a function of contact time and substrate type. The attained results revealed that catalytic membranes can be an efficient alternative for NOM removal and membrane fouling alleviation during water treatment. https://www.msrjournal.com/article_242124_f998f2053e41e3a151414f3a579581a1.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101A Case Study of Industrial MBR Process for Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment24350710.22079/jmsr.2021.523382.1443ENWoei Jye LauUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaSY FongSpektra WaterTech Sdn Bhd, 21, Jalan Serendah 26/39, Kawasan Perindustrian HICOM, Seksyen 26, 40400 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaNelson Hock Tai TanSpektra WaterTech Sdn Bhd, 21, Jalan Serendah 26/39, Kawasan Perindustrian HICOM, Seksyen 26, 40400 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaNikki ChinSpektra WaterTech Sdn Bhd, 21, Jalan Serendah 26/39, Kawasan Perindustrian HICOM, Seksyen 26, 40400 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaKah Hee ChewSpektra WaterTech Sdn Bhd, 21, Jalan Serendah 26/39, Kawasan Perindustrian HICOM, Seksyen 26, 40400 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaJournal Article20210119The wastewater discharged from the poultry slaughterhouse always contains high levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and thus, it requires proper treatment to minimize its negative impacts on the receiving water bodies. In this work, we presented a local case study of the full-scale implementation of membrane <br />bioreactor (MBR) process with capacity of 144 m3/day to treat the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. Over the 6-month monitoring period, our results showed that the permeate flow rate of the MBR process was relatively stable and only suffered from approximately 16% flux decline for the entire period with 8-h operation daily. Such flux deterioration is acceptable given the membrane was not subjected to any cleaning process. With respect to the separation efficiencies, the MBR process showed a very promising performance by meeting almost all of the parameters’ limit of the National Water Quality Standards (Class IIB Limit), except for the dissolved oxygen (DO) that displayed slightly higher value than<br />the maximum limit. A chemical cleaning process using sodium hydrochloride as agent was found to be effective to retrieve the permeate flow rate of the fouled membrane by 99%, indicating the deposited organic foulants were mainly reversible ones. The findings from this case study clearly demonstrated the potential of MBR process for treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater and played an important role to minimize the negative impacts of discharged effluents on the environment. https://www.msrjournal.com/article_243507_e4cc07aac8f2b254dddc392db52badf9.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101Separation of Carbon Dioxide by Potassium Carbonate based Supported Deep Eutectic Liquid Membranes: Influence of Hydrogen Bond Donor24430010.22079/jmsr.2021.526587.1460ENUsman SaeedDepartment of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, PakistanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, MNS UET 60000, Multan, PakistanAsad UllahKhanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, PakistanAsim LaeeqKhanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, PakistanMazhar AmjadGilaniDepartment of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, PakistanMuhammad RoilBiladDepartment of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA), Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, IndonesiaJournal Article20210308This article focuses on the study of potassium carbonate (PC) based deep eutectic solvents based supported liquid membranes (DES-SLMs) for CO2 separation. Two types of DESs were synthesized by mixing and subsequently heating PC with glycerol or ethylene glycol separately. The mechanism of interaction was inferred from the spectral analysis (FTIR) whereas thermal study (TGA) was performed to analyze the stability of the membrane. Experiments were carried out to analyze the permeability and separation factor of the membranes. The PC-Glycerol based SLM reported permeability of 34 Barrer and ideal selectivity of 59 while PC-Ethylene Glycol based SLM showed permeability of 20 Barrer and separation factor of 34 under similar operating conditions. Systematic analysis was made for some of the important operating parameters affecting the separation efficacy such as feed composition and temperature. The acquired results were compared with the currents state-of-the-art by plotting on the well-known Robeson’s upper bound plot. The current efforts of exploitation of PC-DES membrane will lead to new prospective for effective mitigation of CO2 from the gas mixture.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_244300_79a413ad1786fc7a377c1cd4a454b45b.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101Manufacture of Layered-type MF Ceramic Membrane for Advanced Wastewater Treatment and its Fouling Control using Modularized Mechanical Scraper24603010.22079/jmsr.2021.533978.1476ENChan-Young YunDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDong-Jin SonDivision of Water Supply and Sewerage Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of KoreaDae-Gun KimMaterials & Membranes Co., Ltd., Gangnung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of KoreaJihyang KweonDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaKi-Ho HongDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea0000-0002-5176-9739Journal Article20210713In this study, a novel layered-type microfiltration (MF) ceramic membrane for advanced wastewater treatment was fabricated; composed of the support, buffer layer, and active layer. The buffer and active layers allow for the easy formation of the active layer on the support and selective permeation of the ceramic membrane, respectively. The average pore sizes of the support, buffer layer, and active layer were 2,677, 773.3, and 33.1 nm, respectively. The diameters of the active layer pores were <0.1 μm. The ceramic membrane performance and mechanical scraping effects on the membrane permeability improvement were evaluated. Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) were used for the feed of an enhanced ceramic membrane filtration system, by combining the fabricated membranes and devised scrapers. The average flux recovery by scraping was 54% of the clean water flux; maintained by scraping despite the high turbidity feed. The permeation concluded within 0.2 h during scrape-off. This was not recovered despite scraping because the internal membrane pores became blocked due to the material turbidity and could not be separated at the surface of the ceramic membrane. https://www.msrjournal.com/article_246030_0a7d79663a5f4a08cb79074c89aba583.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101Effect of Multi-staging in Vacuum Membrane Distillation on Productivity and Temperature Polarization24676910.22079/jmsr.2021.534548.1480ENMuhammad Asiffaculty of mechanical engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and technology, Topi, KPK, Pakistan0000-0001-7507-618XWaqas AlamFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, 23460, PakistanWajeeha BibiFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, 23460, PakistanJawad RabbiFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, 23460, Pakistanjawad.rabbi26@gmail.comJournal Article20210723Multi-stage vacuum membrane distillation (MSVMD) has recently gained attention as means of enhancing the performance of single stage configuration. The present study is aimed to analyze the impact of multi-staging in VMD (vacuum membrane distillation) on productivity and the associated temperature polarization. Another goal is to determine the point of inversion, a point after which further multi-staging is no more beneficial both in terms of permeate productivity (flux) and associated temperature polarization. After validation with the experimental data, a parametric analysis of MSVMD performance is carried out numerically. Further, the permeate productivity and associated temperature polarization phenomenon were analyzed simultaneously under varying membrane specifications. The optimum number of stages, giving the maximum possible performance of MSVMD, is estimated for variation in most prominent process variables and membrane specifications. The point of inversion was found to be above 40 stages for varying process variables, however, it remained well below 20 stages for variation in some of the prominent membrane characteristics. https://www.msrjournal.com/article_246769_a79e3d9d4ee0dc49b07587359185fa6b.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101Creating Bipolar Junction by Depositing Ultrathin Anion-Exchange Coating on CationExchange Membrane to Dissociate Water in Electrodialysis24747910.22079/jmsr.2021.540358.1502ENMuhammad AhmadDepartment of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 44770, Pakistan0000-0003-2405-169XShabbir HussainDepartment of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, PakistanMuhammad Amin AbidDepartment of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, PakistanAsad MumtazDepartment of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, PakistanMuhammad IbrarDepartment of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase VI, Lahore, PakistanSaz MuhammadDepartment of Chemistry, Kohsar University, Murree 47150, Punjab, PakistanJournal Article20211005Ultrathin anion-exchange films have been created by employing layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition method. The LBL deposited protonated poly(allylamine) (PAH)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) behave as anionexchange films when PAH and PSS polyelectrolyte solutions are prepared in NaSCN as a supporting electrolyte (SE). Reflectance FTIR studies indicate that when PAH is prepared in 0.5 M NaSCN and PSS is prepared in 1 M NaSCN, the thickness of the film and the number of anion-exchange sites in the film are manifold greater than those in the film fabricated from PAH and PSS polyelectrolytes when either of them is prepared in 0.5 M NaSCN. Transmembrane potential measurements were performed to measure the permselectivity of thus fabricated PEMs. These measurements indicate that the fabricated films demonstrate high anion-exchange properties at neutral pH. However, the ion-exchange character of the films switches from anions- to cations-exchange when pH of the surrounding solutions changes from 7 to 8.4. Diffusion dialysis results through the coated alumina membranes confirm such a change in the net charge of the films with a change in the pH. Current density-voltage curve studies indicate plenty of formation of H+ and OHions through water dissociation occurring at the interfacial bipolar junction created by depositing these anion-exchange coatings on Nafion cation-exchange membrane (CEM). Donnan dialysis studies also indicate the formation of bipolar junction through deposition of such films on cationexchange membranes. https://www.msrjournal.com/article_247479_e44e0444b9b18f0a097eea641616b1c3.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101Membrane Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment in Ethiopia: Current Status and Future Prospects24849810.22079/jmsr.2021.540001.1500ENMisgina Tilahun TsehayeLEPMI, Univ. of Grenoble Alpes,
FranceAymere Awoke YAssayieKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.Abreham Tesfaye YBeshaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box 1020, Jigjiga, EthiopiaRamato Ashu YTufaDepartment of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Building 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkAbaynesh Yihdego YGebreyohannesKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyJournal Article20210930In this paper, we appraised the link between policy and research advancement in the area of membrane technology to maximize its application in developing countries. First, the water pollution and water scarcity challenges in Ethiopia are discussed together with the national policy. The minimum allowable concentration for pollutants set by the Ethiopian water resource authorities is significantly higher than the one set, for example, by WHO due to lack of suitable wastewater treatment technologies. To support population growth, Ethiopia urgently needs stringent legislation backed up by alternative treatment technologies in order to implement multi-sectoral water protection and provision programs. The current-status of membrane technologies and the availability of raw materials for membrane fabrication are presented. Key types of membrane technologies that are currently practiced and the obtained merits compared to traditional treatment strategies are thoroughly reviewed. Membrane technology can be used as a two-way tool: (i) to fill gaps in policy implementation with more stringent minimum allowable pollutants concentration and (ii) to reduce water pollution and scarcity. Implementing hybrid membrane process for resource recovery and wastewater reclamation can lead us towards a green resilient circular economy. We strongly believe that this work provides useful information for membrane researchers as well as water managers thereby motivating further research and planning on membrane processes in water and wastewater treatment in Ethiopia and other developing economy countries. https://www.msrjournal.com/article_248498_7f2309434e803a74bfeb0f074b0fc90e.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101Important Parameters of Ceramic Membranes Derived from Oasis Waste and Its Application for Car Wash Wastewater Treatment24725010.22079/jmsr.2021.529855.1488ENAdel ZrelliHigher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia0000-0003-3471-002XAbdelbasset BessadokChemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud UniversityQusay AlsalhyMembrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering, Department, University of Technology, Alsinaa Street No. 52, Baghdad 35010, Iraq2T0000-0002-0495-1Journal Article20210828The purpose of this study is to find the best parameters, which are the oasis waste concentration, molding pressure, and sintering temperature for the fabrication of ceramic membrane to be used in the treatment of car wash wastewater. These membranes were prepared from clay and oasis waste using the semidry-pressing process. Characterization of these membranes was done by the determination of their porosity, contact angle, and shrinkage. Following the experiments, we notice that when the oasis waste concentration goes from 8% to 22%, the membranes become more hydrophilic. The same evolution is observed when the sintering temperature and molding pressure increase from 700 to 900°C, and eight to 12 bars, respectively. Moreover, membrane porosity increases with the increase of sintering temperature and oasis waste concentration by 14.6% and 49.3%, respectively. In addition, permeate flux is proportional to the oasis waste concentration and the sintering temperature. The highest flux increase is 62.2% for the case of 15% of oasis waste concentration, while a drop of 23.8% for permeate flux is recorded with the rise of molding pressure. After determining the membrane specific volume, which complies with the Tunisian standards NT.106.002, the best experimental parameters for the membrane fabrication are found to be: (i) 22% of oasis waste concentration, (ii) 800°C for sintering temperature, and (iii) Eight bars for molding pressure. After 30 minutes of the experimentation of wastewater treatment of car wash using the best membrane, an oil rejection of 93% and permeate flux of 116× 10-6 m3/m²s could be achieved.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_247250_36968b50c431e165a0ec023aa4c6e7a0.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101A Study of Chromium (VI) Ions Fixation and Transport using Polymer Inclusion Membrane Containing D2EHPA as Complexing Agent24615810.22079/jmsr.2021.531653.1470ENSofiane BensaadiLaboratory of Hydrometallurgy and Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, USTHB, P.O. Box 32 El Alia, BabEzzouar, 16111, Algiers, AlgeriaNesrine DraiLaboratory of Hydrometallurgy and Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, USTHB, P.O. Box 32 El Alia, BabEzzouar, 16111, Algiers, AlgeriaOmar ArousLaboratory of Hydrometallurgy and Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, USTHB, P.O. Box 32 El Alia, BabEzzouar, 16111, Algiers, AlgeriaYassine BerbarLaboratory of Hydrometallurgy and Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, USTHB, P.O. Box 32 El Alia, BabEzzouar, 16111, Algiers, AlgeriaZine Elabidine HammacheLaboratory of Hydrometallurgy and Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, USTHB, P.O. Box 32 El Alia, BabEzzouar, 16111, Algiers, AlgeriaMourad AmaraLaboratory of Hydrometallurgy and Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, USTHB, P.O. Box 32 El Alia, BabEzzouar, 16111, Algiers, AlgeriaBart Van Der BruggenProcESS - Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, Leuven, BelgiumJournal Article20210605In this paper, polymeric inclusion membranes (PIMs) containing cellulose triacetate (CTA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) as polymer matrix and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as a specific carrier were prepared by solution casting followed by solvent evaporation. Different polymeric membranes were modified by the addition of polyelectrolytes: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyanetholsulfonic acid (PATSA), and polyethylene imine (PEI). 2-Nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) was added to the different membranes as the plasticizer. All synthesized membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transfer of chromium through selective membranes is accomplished by using a specific compound, called carrier. A study of the fixation and transport of Cr (VI) across a polymer inclusion membrane PIMs has shown a good removal from the treated solution. The Cr (VI) removal efficiency reached 42% after 8 hours of transport using the membrane containing (CTA + PCL + PATSA + D2EHPA) and 43% for only 2 hours using the membrane containing (CTA + PCL + PATSA+ NPOE).https://www.msrjournal.com/article_246158_11fec8b6c90084bf6f5064b6415c5ad8.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54068120220101Experimental Design for Nano-Ceramic Membranes Fabrication and Optimization24946410.22079/jmsr.2022.539537.1497ENHeba AbdallahChemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Engineering and Renewable Energy Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt,
Affiliation ID: 60014618Ayman El–GendiChemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Engineering and Renewable Energy Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt,
Affiliation ID: 600146180000-0002-9665-5735Ahmed MohamedIsmailIndustrial Technological Development Sector – Ministry of Investment, Trade, and Industry, Cairo, EgyptAshraf AminChemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Engineering and Renewable Energy Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt,
Affiliation ID: 60014618Shereen KamelAminChemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Engineering and Renewable Energy Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt,
Affiliation ID: 60014618Journal Article20210922In this work, nano-ceramic membranes were fabricated using waste powder produced from ceramic industries. An experimental model for fabricating ceramic membranes for desalination was developed using the factorial design method. The (3<sup>3</sup>) factorial designs (FD) were employed to study the effect of verification parameters, such as time, binder percentage, and firing temperature on the prepared membrane properties, including bulk density, apparent specific gravity, apparent porosity, and water absorption. The three-dimensional (3D) response surface plot FD model of water absorption using 5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) indicated that increasing firing temperature resulted in a reduction in membrane water absorption and porosity. The maximum achievable porosity was 47–48%, observed at a firing temperature of 1200°C. The minimum porosity was 33%, observed at a firing temperature of 1300°C. A mathematical model was developed for optimizing the membrane for desalination using different salt concentrations ranging from 5 to 45 g/L. The model predictions indicate that the water permeate flux is decreased as the feed salt concentration increases as observed from the experimental results. The predicted salt rejection from the model agreed with the experimental results, it was around 99.8–99.6% reduction of the feed salt concentration.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_249464_8056955c6340a1c3399299787281000a.pdf