FIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54062220160401Journal of Membrane Science and Research41411915110.22079/jmsr.2016.19151ENSeyed Mahmoud MousaviDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20160320https://www.msrjournal.com/article_19151_a7a1ef1140b09ba285aee58b49df9d2c.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54062220160401Scale-up Strategies for Membrane-Based Desalination Processes: A Review42581915210.22079/jmsr.2016.19152ENI.G. WentenDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia0000-0002-5818-9286K. KhoiruddinDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaP.T.P. AryantiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaA.N. HakimDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaJournal Article20160320Membrane-based technologies have increasingly been chosen in desalination processes, which is evidenced by the increase of large-scale plants constructed in recent years. Indeed, several appropriate strategies should be considered to minimize problems faced during the construction, such as membrane system designs, area requirement, energy requirement, operation and maintenance, and environmental impact, which are related to the economic view and process efficiency. Keep the operating parameters constant during the scale-up of the membrane system should also be an important concern to maintain the performance of the membrane system. In this paper, scale-up strategies for the membrane-based desalination process are reviewed, including desalination technology, economic evaluation, industrial challenges, and scale-up effort. In addition, the opportunity of the integrated membrane system is also emphasized.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_19152_f4ca36c753699385a6826672f2d33e9a.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54062220160401Functionalized Polymeric Membranes for CO2 Capture59651915310.22079/jmsr.2016.19153ENYing LabrecheSchool of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USAJournal Article20160320Reducing CO2 emission and lowering the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has quickly become one of the most urgent environmental issues. While a variety of technologies and methods have been developed, the separation of CO2 from gas streams is still a critical issue. Apart from establishing new techniques, the exploration of membrane materials with high separation performance and low capital cost are of paramount importance. Functionalized polymers hold great potential as membrane materials in gas separation. In this paper, the research progress in functionalized polymers membrane materials for membrane-based high CO2 permselectivities separations that are directly related to CO2 capture were reviewed.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_19153_76b0d5e9ea8090ed3119e9931af7d366.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54062220160401Application of Membrane Separation Technology in Downstream Processing of Bacillus thuringiensis Biopesticide: A Review66771915410.22079/jmsr.2016.19154ENSara Naseri RadDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agricultural & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranMohammad Mahdi A. ShiraziMembrane Industry Development Institute, Tehran, IranAli KargariMembrane Processes Research Laboratory (MPRL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic),
Tehran, IranRasoul MarzbanDepartment of Biological Control, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, IranJournal Article20160320<em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt) has been extensively used in biopesticidal formulations due to its safe environmental and human health records. The widespread use of Bt is often challenged by production as well as formulation costs which are in direct contact with downstream processing, i.e. the separation/purification step. Downstream separation/purification efficacy governs the marketability of a product by affecting potency and aiding in further processing during formulation development. Separation/purification of Bt from fermentation broth is a crucial link between production and application and dictates economy, longer shelf life after formulation, ease of application and enhanced field efficacy. There are various methods like chemical precipitation, centrifugation and etc. which impede the efficacy of Bt recovery; however, all of them have their own limitations and drawbacks. In this regard, membrane separation technology has been recently introduced for downstream processing of the Bt biopesticide. This article comprehensively reviews recent advances in downstream processing of Bt based biopesticides incorporating the effect of different membranes and membrane processes.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_19154_9871941c58c157ae43c109e69959fbb6.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54062220160401Advances in Polysulfone-Based Membranes for Hemodialysis78891915510.22079/jmsr.2016.19155ENI.G. WentenDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia0000-0002-5818-9286P.T.P AryantiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaK. KhoiruddinDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaA.N. HakimDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaN.F. HimmaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaJournal Article20160320The polysulfone-based membrane has been used in hemodialysis (HD) and it is continuously developed to maintain its sustainability on the subject of biocompatibility. During the polysulfone-based membrane development, several parameters should be considered to improve the membrane performances, such as excellent biocompatibility, appropriate ultrafiltration rate, and effective clearance of the target solute. In terms of biocompatibility, characteristics of interaction between proteins in the blood and membrane surface is a critical point of view to avoid platelet adhesion and activation that initiate the inflammatory responses. Different methods of modifications have been proposed. Most of the modification methods are focused on the increase of membrane hydrophilicity. A number of modified polysulfone-based membranes have been developed through several methods including blending materials, plasma treatment, and other surface modifications. Selectivity of the polysulfone membrane also plays an important role in avoiding endotoxin leakage and reducing albumin loss during HD treatment. On the other hand, sterilization of the HD membrane also becomes very important with regard to its effects, such as changes in physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and performances of the membranes. In this paper, the polysulfone-based membrane for HD is reviewed comprehensively. Special attention is given to the preparation, characterization and sterilization of HD membranes.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_19155_f7026b1d308a825ffaaf840568839aa0.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54062220160401Polyamide Forward Osmosis Membrane: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Performance for Humic Acid Removal90941915610.22079/jmsr.2016.19156ENMohammad Amirul Mohd YusofFaculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul
Makmur MalaysiaMazrul Nizam Abu SemanFaculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Darul
Makmur Malaysia0000-0003-3009-1196Journal Article20160320In this research, modification on the ultrafiltration (UF) membrane by synthesis of a thin layer of polyamide selective layer was designed for high performances of forward osmosis (FO) water treatment. Two monomers, m-Phenylenediamine (MPD) and Trimesoyl chloride (TMC) with different concentrations of MPD (2.0% w/v and 1.0% w/v) were reacted with TMC (0.15% w/v) for interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction to form a thin polyamide selective layer. The polyamide FO membrane prepared was characterized by using the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and contact angle measurement. Forward osmosis membrane performances in terms of water flux (L/m2hr) and humic acid rejection (%) were evaluated in order to obtain the best performances of the FO membrane. It has been demonstrated that the result of membranes with a MPD concentration of 2.0% w/v revealed a large number of fully sponge-like structures and possess high hydrophilic properties. Moreover, experimental results clearly demonstrated that the 60s reaction time of the polyamide FO membrane with MPD of 2% w/v exhibited a lower water flux of 1.98 L/m2.h and the highest humic acid rejection (99.2%) when 2.5M of sodium chloride (NaCl) was used as draw solution. Compared to the 60s reaction time of the polyamide FO membrane prepared with a MPD concentration of 1.0% w/v with the same concentration of feed and draw solution exhibiting a higher water flux of 3.80L/m2, a lower humic acid rejection with 95.4% of salt rejection was observed. It is found that the overall characterization and performance of the polyamide FO membrane is mainly due to the formation and thickness of the thin polyamide layer that plays an important role in facilitating a high water flux in forward osmosis for humic acid removal.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_19156_c4f32cfb1f590dd373a91321de89aec6.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54062220160401Photocatalysts in Polysulfone Membrane for the Removal of Humic Acid: The Effects of PVP and PVA on Membrane Morphology, Separation Performance and Catalytic Hindrance951011915710.22079/jmsr.2016.19157ENH.K. Melvin NgSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan,14300 Nibong Tebal, S.P.S., Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaA.H. SabranSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan,14300 Nibong Tebal, S.P.S., Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaC.P. LeoSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan,14300 Nibong Tebal, S.P.S., Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaA.L. AhmadSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan,14300 Nibong Tebal, S.P.S., Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaA.Z. AbdullahSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan,14300 Nibong Tebal, S.P.S., Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaJournal Article20160320Photocatalytic membranes exhibit great potential for water treatment since they combine the filtration and photo degradation in a single unit. Although blending photocatalytic nanoparticles into polymeric thin film remains the simplest method to prepare the photocatalytic membrane, the entrapped photocatalyst showed less catalytic activity due to the agglomeration and shielding effects in the polymer matrix. In this work, PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) and PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)) were used to stabilize the photocatalytic nanoparticles (TiO2, Mn-TiO2 and ZnO) in the polysulfone (PSf) membrane. Most importantly, these additives affect the formation of finger-like pores which influence the separation performance and also the hindrance of photocatalytic activities. The surface hydrophilicity of PSf/PVP/TiO2 and PSf/PVP/Mn-TiO2 membranes increased by 12.25° and 16.67°, respectively after adding photocatalysts. On the other hand, the PSf membrane with PVP and ZnO nanoparticles exhibited improvement in water permeability, about 7 times higher than the neat membrane. The PSf/PVP/ZnO membrane even offered higher rejection of humic acid (HA) than the PSf/PVP/TiO2 and PSf/PVP/Mn-TiO2 membranes. In the photo degradation test, ZnO only showed a reduction of 5.41% in its photo activity when it was blended into the PSf membrane with PVP. When PVA was used in the preparation of the PSf/PVA/ZnO membrane, the permeability improvement was greatly reduced compared to the PSf/PVP/ZnO membrane. PVA also resulted in a great hindrance to the photocatalytic activity of ZnO in the PSf membrane, more than 37%.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_19157_bac80188fa142a1ce6648ba48b2db586.pdfFIMTEC & MPRLJournal of Membrane Science and Research2476-54062220160401Separation Efficiency of Epoxified-Polyethersulfone Blend Membrane for Chromium Removal1021081915810.22079/jmsr.2016.19158ENM.J.J. ErnizaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaA.L. AhmadSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaS.C. LowSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaJournal Article20160320A microporous bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) epoxified-polyethersulfone (PES) blend membrane (EPES membrane) was prepared through dry-wet phase inversion. This study attempts to correlate the changes in membrane physical and chemical properties when the EPES membranes were exposed to different durations of dry-phase inversion, towards the separation efficiency of carcinogen chromium (VI). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and porometer analysis revealed a small but not significant change of the physical structures of the EPES membranes at different durations of dry-phase inversion that are applied. On the other hand, in terms of chemical properties, both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurement demonstrated enhanced membrane hydrophilicity when a longer period of dry phase inversion was imposed during membrane synthesis. The EPES membrane synthesized through 1 h of dry phase inversion showed the most balanced high rejection and permeation performances at 88.84 ± 0.18 % removal of Cr (VI) ions with minimum membrane fouling at a steady permeation flux of 11.27 ± 0.35 L/m2h. From the result, EPES blend membranes revealed good potential in the removal of carcinogen Cr (VI) without jeopardizing the membrane permeation flux.https://www.msrjournal.com/article_19158_68cd16897b77ec0e6b908626dbc8b71a.pdf