ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Temperature and Module Configuration on Membrane Fouling and End-Product Quality of Acidic Whey using Ceramic Ultrafiltration Membrane
Ceramic membranes have been used in different dairy industry processing owing to their food compatibility, high stability to temperature and pH, and high fractionation efficiency. This work aims to optimize the performance of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane for acidic whey processing based on the filtration temperature and module configuration. Disc and tubular membrane modules were used with a ceramic membrane 15 kDa molecular weight cut-off and at whey temperature of 40 °C and 50 °C for both modules. The filtration performance was evaluated with normalized flux and membrane fouling index model. The end-product quality was monitored by analyzing protein, lactose, antibiotics, hormones, and heavy metals. It was found that the module configuration has a great effect on flux behavior and membrane fouling. The tubular module shows better performance with regard to normalized flux and membrane fouling index. However, at a higher temperature, the membrane fouling was higher with the disc membrane module and lower with the tubular one. In terms of end-product quality, the whey temperature is affecting protein and lactose concentration while the module configuration did not show a significant effect. Antibiotics, hormones, and heavy metals were found in concentrations that do not affect human health.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_242889_f1c0ad89ed4d4267dfcb8b48eb17dc33.pdf
2022-04-01
10.22079/jmsr.2021.521258.1428
Acidic cheese whey
end-product quality
Ceramic Membrane
Membrane fouling
module configuration
Temperature effect
Sama
Al-Mutwalli
sama_ali_2012@yahoo.com
1
Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Mehmet
Dilaver
mehmet.dilaver@tubitak.gov.tr
2
TUBITAK Marmara Research Center Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, Kocaeli, Turkey
AUTHOR
Derya
Koseoglu-Imer
imerd@itu.edu.tr
3
Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Vacuum Membrane Dryers: From Basic Principles to Applications
Vacuum Membrane Dryers (VMDrs) are new membrane operations designed for the recovery of dry compounds from aqueous feeds. In this work, VMDrs development and application were reviewed and discussed. Flat and capillary membrane modules with feed recirculation and in static configuration (feed in contact with one side of the membrane without recirculation) were compared. VMDRs in static configuration were applied to the treatment of aqueous suspensions of 10 wt % polystyrene microparticles (size ranging from 0.3 micron to 7 micron) at 30°C and 4 mbar, and to the treatment of aqueous solutions of caffeine (concentration ranging from 0.1 wt % to 0.3 wt %) at 45°C and 4 mbar. In both cases, a 0.2 micron polypropylene flat membrane was used. Dry solids (polystyrene) and crystals (caffeine) were obtained, together with distillates free of solids and crystals. For the two case studies, the drying efficiency and main differences were underlined. Finally, benefits of VMDRs and further research needed were presented.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_244674_be87dbfc2297cf9600058938c73363a8.pdf
2022-04-01
10.22079/jmsr.2021.529429.1465
Vacuum Membrane Dryers
Vacuum Membrane Distillation
Polystyrene microparticles
Caffeine
Dehydration
Alessandra
Criscuoli
a.criscuoli@itm.cnr.it
1
Institute on Membrane Technology (CNR-ITM), Italy
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Extraction of Vancomycin Antibiotic from Water using Green Emulsion Liquid Membrane Based on Sunflower Oil
The toxicity and carcinogenic effect of many drugs including antibiotics have brought up an environmental worry in the recent years. The current study examined a green emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) as an environmentally-friendly method for extracting Vancomycin antibiotic from its aqueous solutions. The main value of the idea is to reduce environmental risks of employing common unsafe organic solvents applied as diluent in the ELM process. For this purpose, the raw sunflower oil was employed to prepare ELM. An organic phase including the sunflower oil (diluents), Span 80 (emulsifier) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) carrier were mixed with internal aqueous phase (stripping phase) containing NaOH. The results confirmed that almost 100% of Vancomycin was successfully extracted at the optimum conditions affecting parameters for preparing the membrane. The extraction percentage and emulsion stability were acceptable for the feeds with wide range of pH from 5-9 and NaCl concentration from 0-5 g/L. Moreover, a recovery percent of ~70% was achieved for the captured Vancomycin when the emulsion was broken.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_245187_15a506347e66bda298dfd93febe27a50.pdf
2022-04-01
10.22079/jmsr.2021.526001.1454
Vancomycin
Extraction
Green process
Sunflower oil
Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM)
Parisa
Daraei
parisa_daraey@yahoo.com
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amin
Shokri
aminshokri10@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, 67156 Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Elham
Rostami
elhamrostami74@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New Challenges and Applications of Supported Liquid Membrane Systems Based on Facilitated Transport in Liquid Phase Separations of Metallic Species
The linear economic model based on “take-make-dispose” has become unsustainable, revealing the necessity of shifting towards a circular economy (CE) approach, in which secondary raw materials play a key role in closing material cycles. In this context, industrial effluents with metallic content, are considered a potential secondary source for these elements, the lack of the availability of the appropriate technology being the main barrier when implementing circular economy principles at industrial scale. In this regard, supported liquid membrane (SLM) systems based on facilitated transport may be decisive. Thus, the objective of this research paper is to show the potential of facilitated transport systems to foster the transition to a more sustainable management of industrial metallic effluents. To accomplish that, three different applications of supported liquid membrane systems in acidic industrial effluents will be presented: a) Zn/Fe separation, b) Ni/Cd separations and c) Removal of hexavalent Cr. Additionally, the recovery and separation of two different critical raw materials, i.e. Li and rare earth elements will be discussed. Although facilitated transport systems have been successfully applied to both, Zn/Fe and Ni/Cd separation, as well as to hexavalent Cr removal, further work should be done for the successful recovery and separation of Li and rare earths with supported liquid membrane systems, especially in terms of selectivity improvement and validation with real industrial effluents.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_246842_9be528b9e3b116c9d5c96be29dab4b1b.pdf
2022-04-01
10.22079/jmsr.2021.535315.1484
supported liquid membranes (SLM)
metals
Secondary sources
Recovery
Separation
Circular Economy
Ana
Hernández-Pellón
ana.hernandez@unican.es
1
Group of Advanced Separation Processes-Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department- University of Cantabria
AUTHOR
Lien
Gallart Tauler
lien-ester.gallart@alumnos.unican.es
2
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department
AUTHOR
Raquel
Ibañez
raquel.ibanez@unican.es
3
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Cantabria
AUTHOR
Inmaculada
Ortiz
inmaculada.ortiz@unican.es
4
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
AUTHOR
María-Fresnedo
San-Román
maria.sanroman@unican.es
5
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of NF Membrane Properties on Water Recovery From the Dairy Industry Wastewater
In the paper, the use of three types of polymer nanofiltration (NF) membranes, i.e. the TS80, DL, and NP010, to recover water from the dairy industry wastewater is described. The most desired results were obtained for the TS80 membrane with the skin layer made of polyamide. This membrane significantly contributed to the recovery of water to be reused for external cleaning of tank parts, road tankers, and floors. All tested NF membranes were characterized by a relatively low fouling index. This is due to the preliminary treatment of wastewater as part of an integrated system of bag filtration and microfiltration. However, the decrease in the permeate flux for all tested polymer membranes was observed during the NF process, which was mainly caused by an increase in the concentration factor of the dairy industry wastewater components. The presented results are part of the prospective trends in the development of the bioeconomy, especially in a closed circuit.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_245952_7a02ea6f8ad9d9b1149ea8b155f56835.pdf
2022-04-01
10.22079/jmsr.2021.530129.1466
Nanofiltration
Dairy wastewater
recovery of water
membrane properties
Fouling
Anna
Kowalik-Klimczak
anna.kowalik-klimczak@itee.lukasiewicz.gov.pl
1
Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Sustainable Technologies, ul. Pułaskiego 6/10, 26-600 Radom, Poland
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Operational Parameters on Recovery of Lithium from Brine with Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis
In this research, effect of operational parameters on removal and recovery of lithium simultaneously from brine by electrodialysis (ED) method with bipolar ion exchange membranes (BM) having 10 membrane triplets of cation exchange membranes (CEMs), anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and bipolar membranes (BMs) was investigated. The Mega EDR-Z-Full-V4 model BMED system was employed in order to produce lithium hydroxide from brine containing lithium ions. Four different concentrations of LiCl solutions were used in the sample compartment as 34, 68, 170, 340 mg Li+/L. Also, effects of concentrations of acid (HCl) and base (NaOH) solutions as 0.003 M and 0.05 M in the acid and base compartments, respectively in addition to the electrical potentials (20 and 25 V) were investigated. A NaOH solution with 0.1 M concentration was used as the electrode solution for all tests run. As a result of the study operated with 0.05 M HCl and 0.05 M NaOH solutions at 20 V, the lithium removal percentages were obtained as 98.6, 99.2, 99.7 and 99.6% while the lithium recoveries were 75.5, 54.5, 55.4, 51.2% at four different concentrations of LiCl as 34, 68, 170, 340 mg Li+/L, respectively. When lithium concentration of sample solution increased, the lithium removal remained constant. But the lithium recovery decreased and the lithium concentration in the base recovery compartment increased. The mass transfer coefficient of lithium was high when the electrical potential applied is high but it decreased with an increase in lithium concentration.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_252120_de0746af7415049e95ea46758b0c1c79.pdf
2022-04-01
10.22079/jmsr.2022.549814.1537
Bipolar membrane
Electrodialysis
Ion exchange membrane
lithium recovery
lithium separation
Nalan
Kabay
nalan.kabay@gmail.com
1
Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tuğçe
Kaya
tugce-zeynep@hotmail.com
2
Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ezgi
Çermikli
ezgicermikli@gmail.com
3
Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
AUTHOR
Yakubu
Jarma
abdulljarma@gmail.com
4
Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
AUTHOR
Esra
Altiok
altiokesra@gmail.com
5
Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
AUTHOR
Deniz
İpekçi
denizipekci92@gmail.com
6
Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
AUTHOR
Müşerref
Arda
muserref.arda@ege.edu.tr
7
Ege University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Greener Procedure to Prepare TiO2 Membranes for Photocatalytic Water Treatment Applications
A commercial titanium dioxide powder (TiO2, P25, Evonik) was immobilized on porous mullite tubes by simple mechanical scrubbing followed by heat treatment at 673 K in air and by dip-coating followed by curing at 393K in air. A dispersant of P25 powder in isopropyl alcohol with a small amount of titanium isopropoxide (TIPP) was used for dip-coating. The surface morphology of TiO2 membranes was different depending on the preparation method: mechanical scrubbing resulted in a smoother surface and dip-coating resulted in a rougher surface consisting of particles smaller than 0.1 μm, which size is almost the same as P25. TiO2 and Ag-TiO2 membranes were tested with formic acid decomposition in water. The difference in morphology influenced the photochemical deposition of silver on the TiO2 membranes. Silver deposition improved the formic acid decomposition rate of TiO2 membranes prepared by mechanical scrubbing. This decomposition rate decreased when silver was deposited on TiO2 membranes prepared by dip-coating.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_252416_65d256ec5a1b2b3fc0d0b8ccb6579168.pdf
2022-04-01
10.22079/jmsr.2022.549416.1535
Formic acid
Photocatalytic oxidation
Silver
Titanium dioxide membrane
Water treatment
Izumi
Kumakiri
izumi.k@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
1
Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai Ube, 755-8611 Japan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kohei
Murasaki
a072vfu@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
2
Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai Ube, 755-8611 Japan
AUTHOR
Shotaro
Yamada
i057fj@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
3
Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai Ube, 755-8611 Japan
AUTHOR
Azzah Nazihah Binti Che
Abdul Rahim
b024vf@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
4
Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai Ube, 755-8611 Japan
AUTHOR
Haruyuki
Ishii
h.ishii@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
5
Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai Ube, 755-8611 Japan
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Membrane Technology in Biorefineries - Dehydration of Deep Eutectic Solvent by Pervaporation
In this paper, the dehydration and purification of a deep eutectic solvent choline chloride-urea (ChCl-urea) by pervaporation is presented. The stability of polymeric pervaporation membranes was first studied by exposing the membranes to ChCl-urea for 5 days at 40 °C and 60 °C. The results showed that the membranes were stable when in contact with ChCl-urea and no membrane material was dissolved. In the dehydration experiments, the permeate fluxes were highest with the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane: 267.65 g m-2 h-1 at 50 °C and 413.39 g m-2 h-1 at 60 °C. Raman spectroscopy was employed in the analysis of the samples. The results also showed the decomposition of ChCl-urea, and the presence of the decomposition products, i.e., ammonia and carbamate, in the PDMS and PDMS-PVA-TiO2 permeates. With the highest permeate fluxes and simultaneous removal of water and decomposition products, PDMS appeared to be the most promising membrane for the purification and dehydration of ChCl-urea.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_250831_7693df1eb4003d7c727edb02a9e6e1f0.pdf
2022-04-01
10.22079/jmsr.2022.545874.1525
Pervaporation
deep eutectic solvent
ChCl-urea
Biorefinery
Raman spectroscopy
Hanna
Valkama
hanna.valkama@oulu.fi
1
Research Unit of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland
AUTHOR
Esa
Muurinen
esa.muurinen@oulu.fi
2
Research Unit of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland
AUTHOR
Satu
Ojala
satu.ojala@oulu.fi
3
Research Unit of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland
AUTHOR
Juha
Heiskanen
juha.heiskanen@oulu.fi
4
Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, Finland
AUTHOR
Rafal
Sliz
rafal.sliz@oulu.fi
5
Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, Finland
AUTHOR
Ossi
Laitinen
ossi.laitinen@oulu.fi
6
Research Unit of Fiber and Particle Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland
AUTHOR
Riitta
Keiski
riitta.keiski@oulu.fi
7
Research Unit of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland
LEAD_AUTHOR